Pesantren - Wikipedia Indonesian, the free encyclopedia

Pesantren - Wikipedia Indonesian, the free encyclopedia

Students at a pesantren. The perfect age for children in islamic boarding schools, try to be the fastest after graduating from elementary school, or at the age history of pesantren of high school (SMP) around 12 years. And it is better that children have had a basic basis of belief education using smoothly since the previous mini-age, for example memorizing short quranic letters, being able to tahlil and tadarus, proselytizing speeches, knowing the structure of the holy book of the Quran and so on (PAUD education, Kindergarten, Elementary School). To get the child used to recitation at maghrib time & isya or prayers of fardu pilgrims at the mosque or mosque try to be accompanied by their mother.

Pesantren (or pesantrian) is a traditional Islamic educational institution whose students live together & study under the guidance of a teacher who is better known as kiai & has a dormitory for student stays. The students are in a complex that also provides a mosque for worship, a room for studying, & other religious activities. This complex is generally surrounded by a wall to be able to monitor the entry and exit of students in sync with applicable regulations.

Pesantren can also be understood as an institution of religious education and pedagogy, generally in a nonclassical way, where a kyai teaches Islamic religious knowledge to students from books written in Arabic by medieval clerics, & the students generally live in huts (dormitories) in the pesantren earlier. 

Generic history 

Generally, a boarding school begins according to the presence of a kyai in a place, then arrives students who want to learn trust in him. [two] After more and more poly students arrived, an initiative arose to establish a cottage or dormitory next to the kiai residence. In ancient times kiai did not plan how to create his cottage, but all that came to mind was how to teach religious knowledge so that the student could understand and understand. Kiai at that time had not paid attention to the places inhabited by the students, which were usually very mini & simple. They occupy a building or mini-dwelling that they set themselves up around the kiai house. The more poly the number of students, the more the huts that are erected. The students further popularized the existence of the islamic boarding school, so that it became famous everywhere, for example in the cottages that arose during the wali Songo era. [3]

Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia have a very large role, both for the progress of Islam itself and for the Indonesian nation as a whole. Based on existing records, religious education activities in the archipelago have started from 1596. This religious activity became known using the name of the Islamic boarding school. Even in the account of Howard M. Federspiel- one of the Islamic scholars in Indonesia, towards the 12th century the centers of study in Aceh (pesantren called by the name dayah in Aceh) & Palembang (Sumatra), in East Java and in Gowa (Sulawesi) have formed important pen writings & have attracted students to study. 

Definition of pesantren

The term pesantren is based on the term pe-santri-an, where the term "santri" (Jw: cantrik) means padepokan protégé, or smart person student in Javanese. [citation needed] The term lodge comes from the Arabic funduuq (فندوق) which means lodging. [need acum] Especially in Aceh, pesantren are called jua using the name dayah. Usually the pesantren is led by someone kiai. [citation needed] To manage the life of the boarding school, the kyai appointed a senior student to arrange the youngest brother-sister of his class, they are generally claimed to be the head of the cottage. [citation needed] The purpose of the students being separated from their parents and families is so that they learn to live independently and at the same time be able to increase interactions using kyai & also God. [need acum]

Another opinion, pesantren comes from the word santri which can be interpreted as a place for students. [need acum] The word santri comes from the term Cantrik (Sansakerta language, or maybe Javanese) which means a person who always follows the teacher, which was later developed by the Taman Siswa College in the dormitory system claimed by Pawiyatan. [citation needed] The term santri is also in Tamil, which means teacher of recitation, while C. C. Berg argues that the word is derived according to the term shastri, which in Indian language means a person who knows the holy books of Hinduism or a scholar who is an expert in the scriptures of Hindu faith. [citation needed] Sometimes it is also believed to be the dough of the word saint (good man) with the term tra (happy to help), as a result of which the word pesantren can mean the place of good human education. [5 edit source edit origin]

A cottage is basically a traditional Islamic education dormitory where the students (santri) live along with the guidance of one or more teachers who are better known as kiai [6] With the term islamic boarding school is intended as a form of Islamic education that is institutionalized in Indonesia.Pondok or dormitory is a place that has been provided for activities for students. The existence of this cottage supports a lot of activities. This is based on the distance of the cottage with other cottage rides generally close together as a result of making it easier to make communication between kyai & santri, and between one student and another student.

Thus, a communicative situation will be created in addition to the relationship between kyai and santri, & between students using students. This is as stated by Zamakhsyari Dhofier, that there is a reciprocal behavior between kiai & santri in which the students consider the kyai as if they were their own fathers, while the students are believed to be kiai as God's entrustment which must always be protected [7]

This reciprocal attitude results in a sense of family and mutual love for each other, making it easy for kiai & ustaz to guide and supervise their protégés or students. Everything faced by the student can be monitored directly by the kyai and ustaz, so that it can help provide quick solutions or direction to the students, unraveling the cases faced by the students.

The state of the cottage in the colonial period was very unequal using the existence of the cottage today. Hurgronje describes the state of the cottage in the colonial period (in his book Imron Arifin, Leadership of the kiai) namely: "The hut consists of a square-shaped building, generally built according to bamboo, but in rather prosperous villages the poles are composed of wood - the bars are also made of wood. The steps of the cottage were connected to the well of a row of titian stones, so that the student, who was mostly non-shodd, could wash his feet before going up to his cottage.

A simple cottage consists only of a large room that is inhabited together. There is also a seemingly perfect cottage where there is an alley (hallway) connected by the doors. On the left and right of the alley there is still a mini-small room using its narrow door, so that when entering the room people are forced to bend over, the windows are mini-small & using a grille. The furniture inside is very simple. In front of the small window was a pandanus or rattan mat and a short table according to bamboo or based on wood, on top of which were several grains of the book "[8]

Nowadays, the existence of islamic boarding schools has experienced such development that the components intended are increasingly increasing &complemented by facilities and infrastructure.

In its growth history, islamic boarding schools have undergone several phases of development, including the opening of special women's huts. With these developments, there are still women's cottages and men's cottages. So that boarding schools that are relatively large can get male students and female students, using sorting out cottages of gender using the rules edited by source]

Mosque is an element that cannot be separated from pesantren and is believed to be the most perfect place to educate students, especially in the practice of five-time worship, sermons and Friday prayers & teaching classical Islamic books. As well as Zamakhsyari Dhofier argued that: "The position of the mosque as the center of education in the pesantren tradition is a manifestation of universalism according to the traditional Islamic education system. In other words, the continuity of the Islamic education system centered on mosques since the Quba' mosque was founded near Medina during the time of the Prophet Muhammad SAW permanently radiated in the pesantren system. Since the time of the Prophet, the mosque has been the center of Islamic education" [9]