6 Definitions of Islamic Boarding Schools According to Experts, History, Purpose, Types, and Examples
Pondok Pesantren (PonPes) in its hekat consists of two words, first is pondok & 2nd is pesantren. This cottage itself is interpreted as a place that was once known to use pondokan. While the word pesantren from the term "santri" which then received the affix "pe" and the second suffix "an" to these 2 terms, the islamic boarding school is interpreted as a place used by students to gain knowledge, especially Islamic education.
As a further explanation, in this paper will elaborate on the meaning of islamic boarding schools (pon-pes), history, purpose, & types are complete.
Islamic Boarding School
Whether we admit it or not, islamic boarding schools until now have a grand work for the development of education in Indonesia. Education at islamic boarding schools & teachings has been able to provide opportunities for Indonesians to get out according to the dark abyss of ignorance since the beginning of its establishment in the Walisongo period.
The education found in islamic boarding schools provides an opportunity for the Indonesian people to get an education regardless of ethnicity, class, or caste. The people are free to ask the kyai about any fight & free to receive knowledge without having to bother spending large sums of money because of the sustainability of the original pesantren based on the cooperation of all residents in more or less the pesantren environment.
Definition of Islamic Boarding School
Islamic boarding schools are lokas or types of educational institutions that are used by the students to gain a lot of islamic belief knowledge, both nahwu, sorof, fiqih, tawhid, or other Islamic studies.
On the other hand, the implementation of an open & egalitarian pesantren education system has opened the door to science for indonesian people who are trapped in the abyss of ignorance due to centuries of colonialism. Therefore, at least pesantren is said to be a sub-culture due to other supporting factors, for example, the pattern of independent leadership is not co-opted by the state, the acum books studied from according to the classics claimed to be yellow books, and the chosen value system
The definition of islamic boarding schools is based on experts, including;
According to him, the meaning of pesantren is an Islamic education forum that belongs purely to the Indonesian people, since before independence and as much as independence.
Islamic boarding school is a traditional Islamic religious education social institution that is used to educate & pursue students (people who live in islamic boarding schools) until they are legally become human beings with noble character.
The definition of pesantren is a place that is a development & pedagogy where the exoteric dimension (passion by birth)
Pondok pesantren is a learning system of pesantren which from according to the culture of the residents at that time which was more dominated by Hinduism.
A concrete example of this understanding, can be seen in the history of the name pesantren itself from the term santri which means guru mengaji in Tamil (D.M, 2013), although in the 60s pesantren was better known as pondok which is likely based on Arabic, namely funduq, or lodging for travelers.
According to him, the meaning of islamic boarding schools is an Islamic religious education institution that is traditional so that it is classified as an education based on local wisdom.
According to him, pesantren is a sub-culture in itself because the characteristics possessed by islamic boarding schools are not found in other places. So that government institutions need to encourage and history of pesantren synergize to prepare equal regulations, equality of events, and equality of budgets, so that pesantren do not always miss out on using other state institutions. Characteristics of Islamic Boarding Schools
The special characteristics of islamic boarding schools are;
History of Islamic Boarding Schools
The history of islamic boarding schools is basically a modification according to the example of Hindu belief education that was generally embraced by the people of the archipelago in the early entry of Islamic teachings, namely Mandala. Like islamic boarding schools that know Kyai & Santri as teachers &students, Mandala's educational model also knows Ki Ajar as a role model figure and cantrik as a helper and student (Nurhidayati, 2010).
The pesantren education system has the same concept using the Mandala education system where there is still a Majlis Masyayeikh who plays the role of supervisor, advisor, activity supervisor &at the same time is the highest leader of the Islamic boarding school, for example, which is applied to the Langitan Tuban Islamic Boarding School and the Gilang Babat Islamic Boarding School (Zuhriy, 2011).
Majlis Masyayeikh consists according to several kyai people who still have family relationships. Majlis Masyayeikh is assisted by the personal apparatus of the administrator to carry out its usefulness. For 24 hours the kyai is in charge of supervising and fostering the students, this is supported by using the position of the kyai and family residences in the pesantren environment. Uniquely, kiai does not hesitate to make dinner in the kitchen with the students.
Of course, students will feel proud because they can eat together using a respected leader. This case is rarely found in conventional education where school leaders or deans are sporadically seen interacting with their protégés as a result of which they exclusively form a pseudo-boundary between the two. Direct interactions like this can be used as an example for students to become leaders who have egalitarian principles and do not hesitate to jump directly into seeing what is happening in their people.
Purpose of Islamic Boarding School
Furthermore, for the purpose of establishing Islamic boarding schools in various regions in Indonesia, including;
Types of Islamic Boarding Schools
Broadly speaking, there are still three types, forms, or types of islamic boarding schools, namely;
Pondok pesantren salafiyah is a traditional islamic boarding school that teaches islamic belief science and classical books written by the previous scholars using the method of pedagogy sorogan (individual), bandungan, & deliberation.
Modern islamic boarding schools or khalafiyah are types of islamic boarding schools that have a modernization nature, as a result of which this islamic boarding school also incorporates general science using a learning system that already has obvious and latest standards and even uses English and Arabic as an introduction.
An integrated islamic boarding school is a type of islamic boarding school that combines the antra of salafiah islamic boarding schools and modern islamic boarding schools. Generally, this integrated islamic boarding school, students or people who live in islamic boarding schools are also required to make formal schools, for example, taking elementary, junior high, junior high school, and college education.
Among these types, based on Zuhriy (2011), salafiyah islamic boarding schools are the type of islamic boarding schools that first appeared. The establishment of salafiyah islamic boarding schools is generally located in a rural environment so that it is synonymous with the attitude of students and kyai who are simple, sincere, and unpretentious.
As time goes by, the education system in pesantren begins to adapt to the times without eroding the substantive values in it, including using the presence of other types of islamic boarding schools, namely the latest &integrated islamic boarding schools.
Examples of Islamic Boarding Schools
As for making an example based on the existence of islamic boarding schools, for example;
One of the depictions according to the existence of the Islamic boarding school system in Lampung is the Riyadlatul Ulum Islamic Boarding School or known as PPRU. Where the educational institution here there is a formal school MTs & jua the students of their sons / daughters are many who go to schools outside the Islamic boarding school. Not even sporadically poly jua who studied.
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