The Beginning of "ORIGIN" of Islamic Boarding School and Its Journey Until Now

The Beginning of "ORIGIN" of Islamic Boarding School and Its Journey Until Now

One of the ways of spreading and pedagogicalizing Islamic beliefs in Indonesia is carried out by the educational history of pesantren forum known as "Pesantren". His role was very large in the early days of the spread of Islam in the archipelago.

History Initially there was a Pesantren until this time is still unclear since when it began to exist in Indonesia. Some origins explain things are not in harmony about when exactly pesantren began to exist in Indonesia.

In the book Atlas Wali Songo by Agus Sunyoto, pesantren is allegedly the result of the Islamization of the local education system based on the Hindu-Buddhist period in the archipelago. At that time, local educational institutions in the form of padepokan and hamlets were established to educate the cantriks.

Through the proselytizing process pioneered by the Wali Songo, the padepokans were acculturated with Islamic values. The material taught was replaced as sciences that breathe Islam. Along with the increasingly widespread teachings of Islam in the archipelago, the padepokans were renamed as "Pondok Pesantren."

The Origin of the Term 'Islamic Boarding School'

The word "Pondok" contains the meaning of being a place of lodge for students or students who learn while the word "Pesantren" is based on the term santri. Therefore, to understand it we must dissect from the proposals and meanings of the students themselves.

With regard to the word 'santri', there are several origins that explain the meaning of out of sync. Agus Sunyoto said, the term 'santri' is an adaptation according to the term sashtri which means people who look at the holy book (sashtra). While another origin says, that it is from the Javanese cantrik which means, the person who follows his teacher wherever he goes.

In the journal Al-Ta'dib Sejarah Pesantren in Indonesia written by Herman DM. He said, that we are able to understand, pesantren has at least three elements, namely students, kyai or teachers, & dormitories or cottages. He continued, poly people who interpret "Pondok Pesantren" solely use the form of the physical building of the pesantren itself.

"Pondok Pesantren" is often identified in the form of a traditional building inhabited by students using a simple life & very obedient to the kyai," Herman wrote.

The term pesantren is basically a traditional Islamic education workshop in which there is also a dormitory for students or students. In other terms, students live together & learn the knowledge of belief under the guidance of a teacher known as kiai.

On the other hand, not a few also know pesantren based on a broader perspective, namely its role in the spread of Islam in Indonesia, starting from creating and maintaining social, cultural, religious to political life.

Usually the establishment of islamic boarding schools starts from a kyai or Islamic cleric who lives in a place. Then, came the students who wanted to learn a lot of knowledge of trust in him.

Not infrequently students who want to learn origin based on distant regions. For this reason, a place was also built to settle the students at more or less the residence of the kyai earlier. The more poly students who want to study, the more poly jua cottages will be built.

In the later period, porto life & education in pesantren was provided jointly by the students using the support of the surrounding community. This method was intended so that life in pesantren was not affected by the turmoil that existed outside.

The forerunner of the birth of the Islamic boarding school is thought to be when Sheikh Maulana Malik Ibrahim or better known as Using Sunan Ampel, established a padepokan in Ampel, Surabaya, East Java. Although at that time it was not yet mentioned using pesantren, it can be said that what Sunan Ampel did became the foundation of pesantren education in Indonesia.

He resulted in his appointment as a center of Islamic education in Java. From there, students who come from many regions, both based on outside Java Island, come to study faith. "In fact, not only from the island of Java, there are also students who come from the origin based on Gowa & Tallo, Sulawesi," Herman wrote.

Students who have learned & enough knowledge at the Sunan Ampel padepokan. Then one by one went to their respective areas & put their knowledge into practice there. So the students of Sunan Ampel, founded a padepokan for example what they had obtained at the Ampel Padepokan. Many grand scholars were born from the padepokans earlier.

The pesantren-style education system that resulted in the kyai becoming the center of all things had dimmed, when the Dutch trading company (VOC) suddenly colonized. The devout Islamic society seems to be exiled. The clerics who were followed by the people were kept away from the center of government because they were believed to bring the potential for riots.

Therefore, pesantren as the center of Islamic education eventually tends to get out of the way according to government centers. Kiai & residents are trying to create their own Islamic education centers in the interior using using what they have.

Under the leadership of the kyai, residents donated land, other property, and energy to create a pesantren. The point is that residents contribute using giving anything synchronous to their abilities. Reportedly, this kind of thing still often happens in islamic boarding schools until now.

Throughout history, in general pesantren has 5 characteristics, namely the existence of cottages or dormitories where students live, mosques become centers of religious & educational activities, pedagogy of classical books, students, & kyai.

In Khazanah Tafsir Indonesia (2013) explained that there was a debate about the first Islamic boarding school in the archipelago. Quoting Fokkens' description, it can be said that the forerunner of pesantren was the fiefdom in Glagah Arum which was given by the ruler of Majapahit to Raden Fatah.

Meanwhile, researcher Martin van Bruinessen assessed that pesantren first arose in the early 18th century, namely pesantren Tegalsari in Ponorogo, East Java, precisely in 1742.

At that time Kiai Hasan Besari assumed a grand role, he founded a pesantren in Tegalsari, Ponorogo, East Java. "Pesantren Tegalsari was founded by Sultan Paku Buwono II in 1742 as a thank you to Kiai Hasan besari,". This pesantren forged a lot of grand figures such as the poet Ronggowarsito.

Later at the end of the century, another great cleric appeared who played a similar position, namely Kiai Kholil according to Bangkalan, Madura. This figure encouraged the birth of another great cleric who also founded a islamic boarding school, namely Kiai Hasyim Asy'ari.

Kiai Hasyim Asy'ari founded the Tebu Ireng Islamic boarding school in Jombang, then built Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) which is now the largest Islamic organization in Indonesia. On the other hand, Kiai Hashim's co-worker in Mecca, Kiai Ahmad Dahlan, the founder of Muhammadiyah. Established a more modern Islamic education center, with a slightly different curriculum.

Now, along with the times, pesantren are getting more modern, both based on the curriculum and the fisk of the building. Even so, the simplicity and sincerity described by the life of the kyai and its students. Still as the main exemplary value of the teachings of life in the Journal of Al-Ta'dib History of Pesantren diRepublika.co.id goodnewsfromindonesia.id

Al-Hamdaniyah Islamic Boarding School, Siwalan Panji Sidoarjo

Oldest in East Java & Born Great Scholars

In addition to being a witness to the history of the struggle for the independence of the Republic of Indonesia, the Al-Hamdaniyah Islamic Boarding School, which was founded in the 18th century in Sidoarjo, East Java, has given birth to many great scholars who founded NU in this country.

Al-Khoziny Islamic Boarding School, Buduran Sidoarjo

Al-Khoziny Islamic Boarding School is attributed to the late K.H. Moch. Khozin who was previously one of the caretakers of the Islamic Boarding School in Siwalan Panji , At first K.H. Moch. Khozin only became a student at the Siwalan Panji Islamic Boarding School, but finally he was taken a son-in-law by one of the caretakers of the Siwalan Islamic Boarding School, Panji K.H. Faqih, who is also an in-law based on the Founder of Nahdlotul Ulama K.H Hasyim Asy'ari

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