Sejarah Kerajaan Islam di Sumatera In Indonesia

 

Sejarah Kerajaan Islam di Sumatera

History of the Islamic Kingdom in Sumatra - The entry of Islamic kingdoms in the land is estimated to have taken place around the 13th century to the 16th century. The rise of trade between Muslim traders from various regions such as Arabia, Morocco, Persia, China and others made the Indonesian people at that time easy to mingle with Muslim traders.

This trading activity further made Islam spread rapidly to various areas such as Java, Maluku, Sulawesi to Sumatra. The presence of Islam in the archipelago also began to touch various aspects of people's lives at that time. The rules of life based on Islamic values ​​began to be implemented in various aspects of people's lives.

The process of the entry of Islam in the archipelago actually did not spread simultaneously. Each region has a different period when Islam entered its territory. According to Islamic historians, Sumatra is the place where Islam first entered the archipelago.

Then, the entry of Islam into the country around the 6th century could not be separated from the influence of Sheikh Kadir Jailani who broadcast Islam at that time. In the first period of spreading the symbols of Islam, he has brought many changes and developments in the society of the archipelago.

Cultural, social, governance and political aspects are also touched by the Islamic values ​​taught. In general, this major change was clearly seen from the establishment of various Islamic-style kingdoms in the archipelago, including in Sumatra.

Islamic Kingdom in Sumatra

Kingdom of Jeumpa (777 AD)

The Jeumpa Kingdom is one of the Islamic kingdoms in the archipelago that emerged around the 7th century AD. The founder of the Jeumpa kingdom is Salman Al Parsi. The Kingdom of Jeumpa became the first place for the spread of Islam for the first time in the archipelago at that time.

The spread of Islam in the Jeumpa Kingdom at that time was influenced by Muslim traders who came from Persia. Slowly the Kingdom of Jeumpa until the people embraced Islam. Around the year 777 AD, the kingdom completely became an Islamic kingdom.

The Jeumpa Kingdom's coverage area includes Beureun Regency. The period of Jeumpa's collapse occurred around 880 AD. In general, the Jeumpa kingdom became a kingdom that had a large population. The center of government of the Kingdom of Jeumpa is a port city.

This city is included as a strategic stopover and trade place on the island of Sumatra. The Kingdom of Jeumpa is also included in strategic trade and shipping routes in the Malacca Strait region. Its strategic area made the people of the Kingdom of Jeumpa choose to trade.

The trading area of ​​the Jeumpa Kingdom is located in the northern coastal area of ​​Sumatra Island. The Kingdom of Jeumpa has also established trade relations with various kingdoms throughout the island of Sumatra.

In addition to the kingdoms in the archipelago, the Jeumpa Kingdom also has trade cooperation with various kingdoms from the Persian, Arab, Indian and even Chinese regions.

In studying the various Islamic kingdoms in the archipelago, the book Knowing the Islamic Kingdom of the Archipelago is here to provide a historical explanation of the existing kingdoms as insight and character as Muslims.

Peureulak Sultanate (840-1292)

The Sultanate of Perlak is one of the Islamic Kingdoms in the Sumatra region. The Perlak Sultanate is also famous for its area which produces a lot of perlak wood. Perlak wood itself is a type of wood that is very suitable for shipbuilding.

Therefore this area is known as the Sultanate of Perlak. Because of its strategic area and good natural products, Perlak became a commercial port area that flourished in the 8th century AD.

The busier trade transactions carried out by Muslim traders from Arabia and Persia made the people in the Perlak area closer to Islam. Various mixed marriages with Muslim merchants and local residents were also a major factor in the spread of Islam.

The initial process of Islamization itself is related to the existence of trade and the formation of the kingdom where a brief chronology can be found in the book Islam in Indonesian History Flow by Jajat Burhanudin which also explains various other things related to the development of Islam in Indonesia.

Sultanate of Samudera Pasai (1267-1521)

Another name for the Sultanate of Samudera Pasai is Samudera Darussalam. This kingdom is one of the Islamic kingdoms located on the northern coast of Sumatra. The location is around the city of Loksumawe and North Aceh.

Some historical evidence linking the existence of the Samudera Pasai Kingdom is the discovery of several king's tombs and the discovery of gold and silver coins containing the names of kings.

This sultanate was founded by Marah Silu who had the title Sultan Malik As-Shaleh in 1267. The Samudera Pasai Kingdom collapsed in 1521 when it was defeated by the Portuguese.

Lamuri Sultanate (800-1503)

The Lamuri Sultanate is located in the Aceh Besar area, which is centered in Lam Reh, Masjid Raya District. The Lamuri Sultanate is a kingdom that first appeared before the establishment of Aceh Darussalam.

Data regarding the existence of the Lamuri Sultanate is based on external news that is always presented by foreign traders and sailors from India, Arabia and China.

Adi Genali himself has four children, namely Empuberu, Sibayak, Linge, Merah Johan and the last is Merah Linge. According to history, King Linge I bequeathed a sword and the first ring to his descendants. The sword and ring came from Mahmud Shah.

Kingdom of Siguntur (1250-present)

The Siguntur Kingdom is a kingdom that has been established since 1250 after the collapse of the Dharmasraya kingdom. After surviving several periods, the Siguntur Kingdom was then controlled by the Pagaruyung Kingdom.

However, the heirs of the royal court were still given the title of sultan. To this day the heir who continues the position of King Siguntur is Sultan Hendiri. The language used in the Siguntur Kingdom environment is the Minang language, the Siguntur dialect which does have similarities with the Payakumbuh dialect.

Indrapura Sultanate (1347-present)

This kingdom is a sultanate located on the South Coast, West Sumatra and borders Jambi and Bengkulu. Officially, this kingdom was once a subordinate of the Pagaruyung Kingdom, but in the end this sultanate stood alone so that it could manage its own royal affairs without interference from the Pagaruyung kingdom.

Kingdom of Pedir (1400-1524)

The Pedir Kingdom is a small kingdom that is described as being located in a lowland area. The area is wide and fertile so that the inhabitants live in prosperity. The boundaries of this kingdom are the eastern part of the Samudera Pasai kingdom, then the western part of the Aceh Darussalam kingdom and the southern part is bordered by mountains and in the north it is bordered by the Malacca Strait.

Power Kingdom (1480-Present)

In the past, the territory of this kingdom contained the headwaters of the Daya river. In this place there is a hamlet of Lhan Na and is inhabited by people who are not yet religious. Shortly after that, the community around the upstream became crowded and developed because various immigrants married the indigenous people of the upstream. Islam began to spread in this kingdom after people from Aceh Besar and Pasai came to this kingdom.

Sultanate of Aceh (1496-1903)

The Sultanate of Aceh Darussalam is also an Islamic kingdom in the province of Aceh. The Sultanate of Aceh is located in the north of the island of Sumatra, whose capital city is Banda Aceh Darussalam.

The first sultan of this kingdom was Sultan Ali Mughayat. During the establishment of the Aceh kingdom, the sultanate focused on a military education system aimed at opposing European imperialism.

With the existence of an orderly and systematic government system, the kingdom of Aceh became a center for the study of science and became a kingdom that had diplomatic relations with other countries.

Pagu River Kingdom (1500-Present)

This kingdom has existed since the 16th century in the South Solok area. The full name of this kingdom is the Kingdom of Alam Surambi Sungai Pagu. This kingdom is located in Pasir Talang and Bandar Ten area.

This kingdom has an area from Surian to the XII Koto region. To this day, the successor to the king's throne from Sungai Pagu is in vacuum after the death of the late Zulkarnain Daulat who had the title of Sultan Besar Tuanku Rajo Disambah.

Bungo Sprig Kingdom

Bungo Setangkai Kingdom is a kingdom that has long existed in Minangkabau before the founding of the Pagaruyung Kingdom. This kingdom is also a fraction of the Pasumayan Koto Batu Kingdom which is located on the Tarab River, Tanah Datar Regency at this time. This kingdom itself was initiated by Datuk Ketumanggungan.

Jambi Sultanate (1600-present)

Jambi area was previously the territory of the Malay Kingdom. However, after that it became part of the Sriwijaya region in Palembang. Around the 14th century AD, Jambi was a vassal of the Majapahit kingdom.

Javanese influence at that time was still very strong in the Jambi kingdom which lasted around the 17th and 18th centuries. The emergence of the Jambi sultanate coincided with the presence of Islam in the region.

Around 1616, Jambi became the richest port after Aceh. Then in 1670, the Jambi kingdom began to coexist with the forces of the Johor and Palembang kingdoms. Unfortunately, Jambi's heyday was only as long as corn. By 1680, Jambi had lost its position as a major pepper port due to an internal conflict with Johor.

Asahan Sultanate (1630-present)

The Asahan Sultanate was located in what is currently known as the city of Tanjung Bali, Asahan Regency. This kingdom has been established since 1630. In 1865 the Asahan kingdom experienced a decline after being conquered by the Dutch.

In 1946, the Asahan Sultanate became part of the Indonesian state. The first king in the Asahan sultanate was King Abdul Jalil. Until the 19th century, Asahan remained under the Sultanate of Aceh.

Serdang Sultanate (1723-present)

In 1723 the kingdom of Serdang began to stand and then in 1946 this kingdom became part of the Republic of Indonesia. The Serdang Sultanate separated from Deli in 1720 due to a dispute over the royal throne. This kingdom was entered as a prosperous kingdom due to the advancement of oil palm, tobacco and rubber plantations in its territory. Unfortunately, in 1865 Serdang was conquered by the Dutch.

Deli Sultanate (1632-present)

The Deli Sultanate was entered as the Malay Sultanate and was founded in 1632 by Tuanku Panglima Gocah Pahlawan. The location of this kingdom is located in Tanah Deli or in the city of Medan today. The Deli Sultanate still exists to this day even though it no longer has political power after World War II and Indonesia proclaimed its independence.

Langkat Sultanate (1568-present)

The Langkat Sultanate was a kingdom that once ruled the Langkat district which is currently known as North Sumatra. The Langkat Sultanate became prosperous after the opening of a rubber plantation area until the discovery of oil reserves in the Pangkalan Brandan area.

Siak Sultanate

The Sultanate of Siak, also known as the Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura, is an Islamic Malay kingdom that once stood in the Siak Regency, Riau Province. The Siak Sultanate was founded in Buantan by Raja Kecil from Pagaruyung and held the title Sultan Abdul Jalil in 1723.

Palembang Sultanate (1455-present)

The Sultanate of Palembang is an Islamic-style kingdom and is located in the city of Palembang, South Sumatra.

This sultanate was under the leadership of Sri Susuhunan Abdurrahman, a Palembang nobleman in 1659. Then in 1823 the Dutch government abolished the existence of the Palembang Sultanate.

Learn other information about the Sultanate of Palembang in the book The Sultanate of Palembang in the Vortex of Conflict which describes in detail the internal and external events, characters and backgrounds.

Riau Lingga Sultanate(1824-1911)

The Islamic Lingga Sultanate was founded in the Lingga Island area. This Sultanate was founded in 1824 which is a fraction of the territory of the Sultanate of Johor Riau.

The founder of this kingdom was Sultan Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah. The administrative center of the Lingga sultanate was originally located in Tanjung Pinang and then moved to Lingga Island.

The Sultanate of Kota Pinang (1630-1946)

The Sultanate of Kota Pinang has existed since 1630 in what is now South Labuhanbatu Regency. This sultanate was controlled by the Dutch around 1837 and then became part of the Indonesian state in 1946.

Sultanate of Pelalawan (1725-1946)

The Pelalawan Sultanate has existed since 1725 AD to 1946 AD. This kingdom is located in the Pelalawan district. This kingdom once controlled the Malay region which participated in the inheritance of Malay and Islamic culture in the Riau region. The title Tengkoe Besar was a title for the king of Pelalawan at that time.

Indragiri Kingdom (1347-1945)

The Inderagiri Kingdom became a Malay kingdom located in the Indragilir Regency, Riau Province. Previously, this kingdom was subordinate to the Pagaruyung Kingdom as well as the port area. After that, the Indragiri Kingdom was fought over by the Sultanate of Jambi, Siak and Aceh.

Kingdom of Aru (1200-1613)

The Sultanate of Aru is also known as Haru which is a kingdom that once stood on the East coast of North Sumatra. The name of this kingdom is also mentioned in the Gadjah Mada Palapa Oath.

Barus Sultanate (1300-1858)

Barus Kingdom is located in Central Tapanuli. This sultanate was founded by Sultan Ibrahimsyah. This sultanate ended its heyday when it was conquered by the Dutch in 19 AD.

Kingdom of Padang (1630-1946)

The kingdom of Padang entered as a Malay kingdom with an Islamic pattern. The main location of the kingdom of Padang today is in Tebing Tinggi.

Tamiang Kingdom (1330-1558)

The Tamiang Kingdom is also known as the Tunu Continent which is an Islamic-style kingdom in Aceh. The territory of this kingdom has a border between the provinces of Aceh and North Sumatra.

The Onion Kingdom (1500-Present)

The Bone Onion Kingdom is a kingdom located in Lampung. This kingdom is located in the district of Talang Bawang, Lampung now. There are not many historical records about this kingdom.

Sekala Brak's Passion (1400-Present)

This kingdom is an Islamic kingdom and is located in the Lampung region. According to history, the arrival of the Four Umpu Ratu from Pasai made this kingdom an Islamic kingdom.

Dharmasraya Kingdom

The name Dharmasraya comes from the name of the capital city of a Malay Kingdom located in Sumatra. This kingdom experienced a period of decline after the Srivijaya Kingdom was attacked by the Chola King of Coromandel in 1025.

Books Related to the Islamic Kingdom in Sumatra

Islamic History Smart Book

This book describes the history of Islam and explains it from an Islamic point of view: since the time of the Prophet Muhammad, the Fourth Caliph, the Umayyad Dynasty, the Abbasid Dynasty, to the present day; since it appeared in Mecca to bloom in all corners of the world. Not only presents a sweet note when Islam emerged as a force that colored world civilization, but also when Islam as a political force experienced a decline and famine. How Islam confronts or naturally assimilates with other nations and cultures.

Moreover, through this book, we are not only invited to look at the past, but to make the past as a mirror, sorting and choosing what is relevant to interpret the present and to be the basis for building the future. Because history not only describes events, but also traces meaning. Packaged in a concise description, this is a work that makes it easier for us to know various historical events in Islam and to remember them easily.

Chronology of Islamic & World History

Unlike other Islamic history books, the scope of the Chronology of Islamic History is much wider. He summarized almost all historical entities and events of the Muslims, including the most recent ones (until the end of 2016). Because it is quite complete, this book can be a kind of smart book for Islamic history enthusiasts.

Each chapter describes a century in brief, then sequences historical events in the Islamic world in that century chronologically, through a three-column table: Years, Historical Events, and Other Events in the World. At the end of the book there is also an index of names which makes searching easier.

With all these advantages and conveniences, apparently this is the book that has been waiting for the connoisseurs of Islamic history in general, and the reviewers of the History of Islamic Civilization in particular.