Building the Foundation of an Islamic Society

Building the Foundation of an Islamic Society

 

After the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam arrived in the city of Medina and stayed at the residence of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari and before that the camel of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam stopped at a place in Medina, the Muslims made it a place to pray. It was a place for drying dates belonging to Suhail and Sahl, two orphans from Bani Najjar who were in the care of As'ad bin Zurarah.

When the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, stopped at that place, the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said:

هَذَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ الْمَنْزِلُ

" God willing, this place (for) home." (HR. Bukhari)

Then Rasulullah sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam called the two orphans and offered the land to be used as a mosque. But the two children said: "Indeed we want to give it to you, O Messenger of Allah." Even so, the Messenger of Allah, may God bless him and grant him peace, felt reluctant to accept the gift of these two small children, so he, may God bless him and grant him peace, bought them anyway. And on this land, the Prophet's Mosque was built. (HR. Bukhari, al-Fath, 15/101, no. 3906)

In another narration by Imam Bukhari, may God have mercy on him, it is said that when the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, was about to order the construction of a mosque, he, may God bless him and grant him peace, sent a messenger to Bani Najjar to call them. When they arrived, the Messenger of Allah, may God bless him and grant him peace, said to them:

 يَا بَنِي النَّجَّارِ ثَامِنُونِي بِحَائِطِكُمْ هَذَا قَالُوا لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا نَطْلُبُ ثَمَنَهُ إِلَّا إِلَى اللَّهِ 

"O Bani Najjar, cherish this garden of yours for me!" They answered: "By God, no! We will not ask the price except from Allah ta'alaa."

It turned out that someone said that in this place there are graves of polytheists, a rather high plain, and there are also date palms. So the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam ordered that the graves of these polytheists be dug up and their bones removed, the rather high ground leveled, and he (sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam) ordered to cut the date palm trees and arrange them in the direction of the mosque's Qibla. After that, the construction of the mosque began. The Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam himself mingled with his companions carrying bricks that were still raw. He sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam recited the verse:

هَذَا الْحِمَـالُ لَا حِمَـالَ خَيْبَرْ هَذَا أَبَرُّ رَبَّنَا وَأَطْهَر

 

This is not a burden from Khaibar.

This is more permanent, more beneficial, and more pure in the sight of our Lord.

He, may God bless him and grant him peace, also exclaimed: 

اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ الْأَجْرَ أَجْرُ الْآخِرَهْ فَارْحَمْ الْأَنْصَارَ وَالْمُهَاجِرَهْ 

Ya Allah, indeed the reward is the reward of the Hereafter.

Give mercy to the Ansar and the Muhajirin. (HR. Bukhari, al-Fath, 15/101, no. 3906)

In another narration, it is narrated that they moved rocks while singing poetry, while the Messenger of Allah -peace and prayer of Allah be upon him- was also mingling with them. They recite the verse:

اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّهُ لَا خَيْرَ إِلَّا خَيْرُ الْآخِرَهْ فَانْصُرْ الْأَنْصَارَ وَالْمُهَاجِرَهْ

Ya Allah, indeed there is no good except the good of the Hereafter.

So give help to the Ansar and Muhajirin. (HR. Bukhari, al-Fath, 15/101, no. 3932)

 

The friends are not left behind to help this development. Abu Bakar lifted stones and arranged them, also Umar bin al-Khatthab and Uthman bin Affaan did not miss lifting stones and arranged them to be used as a mosque wall. (Their story is seen in al-Mustadrak al-Hakim 3/13 with a sanad authenticated by adz-Dzahabi)

'Ammar bin Yasir radhiyallahu 'anhu is one of the companions who is very enthusiastic in this development. When the other brought one brick, he brought two. One for himself, while the other is for the Messenger of Allah, may God bless him and grant him peace. Seeing 'Ammar's actions, the Messenger of Allah, may God bless him and grant him peace, rubbed 'Ammar's back while saying: "O Ibn Sumayyah, these people get one reward, but you get two rewards, your last provision is a sip of milk, and you will be killed by the group opposition." (HR. Muslim (4/2236, no. 2916), Ahmad in al-Musnad (3/5), al-Hakim (3/389) and he, may God have mercy on him, said: "This hadith is sha h i haccording to the conditions of imam Bukhari and Muslim, but both of them did not bring it.")

This hadith is included among the proofs of the prophethood of the Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, because later 'Ammar, may God bless him and grant him peace, died in the way that the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, had explained in the hadith above.

The construction of the Prophet's mosque took twelve days. After that, proceed with building rooms for the wives of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam in the same way as building a mosque. Sauda bin Zum'ah radhiyallahu 'anha, one of the wives of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam has her own place, and so does 'Aisyah radhiyallahu 'anha. These two houses were the first to be built for his wives, sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam. Both are adjacent to the mosque and are very simple, made of earth and palm stems, or stone arranged and the roof is palm stems. Then proceed with the next houses if he sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam is married again. After everything is finished,

In the first year of this hijrah, the call to prayer was recited with the pronunciation we hear now. Thus, according to the greedy opinion . It is narrated that when 'Abdullah bin Zaid radhiyallahu 'anhu had a dream about the words of the call to prayer and told it to the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, then the Prophet sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam ordered Bilal bin Rabbah radhiyallahu 'anhu to recite the call to prayer with those words. When this call to prayer was heard by 'Umar bin Khattab radhiyallahu 'anhu, he hurried to see the Messenger of Allah sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam and told his dream which was the same as the dream of 'Abdullah bin Zaid radhiyallahu 'anhu.

Until some time, the condition of this very simple mosque remained the same as when it was built by the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. When Abu Bakr radhiyallahu 'anhu became caliph, he radhiyallahu 'anhu did not do any renovations. When Umar radhiyallahu 'anhu became caliph, he radhiyallahu 'anhu changed his pillars made of palm trees to wood and protected the roof from the rain. Then Uthman radhiyallahu 'anhu, he radhiyallahu 'anhu made many changes. He radhiyallahu 'anhu built the wall with carved stones, and so did the pillars. While the roof was changed with a type of decorative wood. (HR. Bukhari, al-Fath(3/106 and 108, no. 446). Regarding what was done by 'Uthman bin 'Affan radhiyallahu 'anhu, then Ibnu Hajar said: "He radhiyallahu 'anhu beautified it without embellishing it.")

In the beginning, the Prophet's mosque did not have a pulpit as a place to preach. He, may God bless him and grant him peace, preached while leaning on a palm tree. About this date stick, there is an event that proves the truth of the prophethood of the Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him.

When Rasulullah sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam was made a pulpit and then he sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam moved his place in delivering the sermon, the palm tree that used to be used as a support for him sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam cried like a little child. Hearing the cry of this tree, the Prophet sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam returned to it and hugged it until it was silent. (See this story in Sahih Bukhari with a different pronunciation. al-Fath, 14/95, no. 3584, and 3585)

How beautiful is the explanation delivered by Hasan al-Bashri after bringing this narration. He, may God have mercy on him, said: "O Muslims, wood can groan because it misses the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, so aren't those who hope to meet the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, deserve to miss him?" (Al-Baihaqi in Dalaailun-Nubuwwah, 2/559)

Mosque Functions

The building of the mosque by the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam has a function as a means of worship. Also functioned to take care of all matters relating to the interests of the Muslims, such as:

Accommodating the poor and single Emigrants who have not been able to make their own place to live. They are known as ahlu shuffah . (Narrated by Bukhari, al-Fath, 3/102 based on the words of Anas radhiyallahu 'anhu)

Accommodating women who have just converted to Islam and have not found a place to live other than a mosque, such as al-Walidah as-Sauda` who builds small and small houses. (See the story, when he was accused of stealing by his people. Bukhari, al-Fath, 3/100, no. 439)

Become a learning center for Muslims about their religious problems.

Become a center for composing poems to defend da'wah and Rasulullah sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam. (Reported by Bukhari, al-Fath, 3/118, no. 453. See also Ibnu Hajar's statement, may Allah have mercy on him, in this chapter)

It became a place to hold prisoners of war, so that the Muslims could take lessons, and the prisoners could also take lessons when they saw the Muslims praying and listening to the Qur'an, as in the story of Tsumamah bin Utsal radhiyallahu 'anhu. (Narrated by Bukhari, al-Fath, 3/127, no. 461)

Became a treatment center for Muslims who were injured in war.

The place to receive the ambassadors sent to the Messenger of Allah, may God bless him and grant him peace. 

As a gathering place for Muslims and their commanders. In this case there are two benefits (lessons) that can be taken. 

Closer relations between the Muslims and the commanders.

Closer relations with fellow Muslims. 

Two benefits have been felt by many Muslims. Because they think that the mosque is only for prayer.

Law and Wisdom from the Story Above

The majority of jurisprudence scholars reasoned with the act of the Messenger of Allah, may God bless him and grant him peace, who bought land belonging to orphans through the intermediary of the person who took care of them, as proof of the invalidity of the contract of an underage child on the property he owns. To strengthen this argument, scholars also have other arguments from the Qur'an:

 

وَلَا تَقْرَبُوْا مَالَ الْيَتِيْمِ اِلَّا بِالَّتِيْ هِيَ اَحْسَنُ حَتّٰى يَبْلُغَ اَشُدَّهٗ

In the construction of this mosque, Rasulullah sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam prioritized the experts. In a narration it is mentioned that the Messenger of Allah, may God bless him and grant him peace, said to the companions who were working to build the mosque: "Bring al-Yamami closer to the ground, because his touch is the best among you, and his dough is the strongest."

In another narration, al-Yamami said: "I mixed the soil, and it was as if my mixture was amazing to him, may God bless him and grant him peace, and he said: 'Leave al-Yamaami al-Hanafi with the soil, because he is the most expert among you in matters of soil.' .” (Ibn Hajar, may God have mercy on him, brings these two narrations in the book Fathul-Baari, 3/112. He, may God have mercy on him, said, narrated by Imam Ahmad )

The friends are not left behind to help this development. Abu Bakar lifted stones and arranged them, also Umar bin al-Khatthab and Uthman bin Affaan did not miss lifting stones and arranged them to be used as a mosque wall. (Their story is seen in al-Mustadrak al-Hakim 3/13 with a sanad authenticated by adz-Dzahabi)

'Ammar bin Yasir radhiyallahu 'anhu is one of the companions who is very enthusiastic in this development. When the other brought one brick, he brought two. One for himself, while the other is for the Messenger of Allah, may God bless him and grant him peace. Seeing 'Ammar's actions, the Messenger of Allah, may God bless him and grant him peace, rubbed 'Ammar's back while saying: "O Ibn Sumayyah, these people get one reward, but you get two rewards, your last provision is a sip of milk, and you will be killed by the group opposition." (HR. Muslim (4/2236, no. 2916), Ahmad in al-Musnad (3/5), al-Hakim (3/389) and he, may God have mercy on him, said: "This hadith is sha h i haccording to the conditions of imam Bukhari and Muslim, but both of them did not bring it.")

This hadith is included among the proofs of the prophethood of the Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, because later 'Ammar, may God bless him and grant him peace, died in the way that the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, had explained in the hadith above.

The construction of the Prophet's mosque took twelve days. After that, proceed with building rooms for the wives of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam in the same way as building a mosque. Sauda bin Zum'ah radhiyallahu 'anha, one of the wives of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam has her own place, and so does 'Aisyah radhiyallahu 'anha. These two houses were the first to be built for his wives, sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam. Both are adjacent to the mosque and are very simple, made of earth and palm stems, or stone arranged and the roof is palm stems. Then proceed with the next houses if he sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam is married again. After everything is finished,

In the first year of this hijrah, the call to prayer was recited with the pronunciation we hear now. Thus, according to the greedy opinion . It is narrated that when 'Abdullah bin Zaid radhiyallahu 'anhu had a dream about the words of the call to prayer and told it to the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, then the Prophet sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam ordered Bilal bin Rabbah radhiyallahu 'anhu to recite the call to prayer with those words. When this call to prayer was heard by 'Umar bin Khattab radhiyallahu 'anhu, he hurried to see the Messenger of Allah sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam and told his dream which was the same as the dream of 'Abdullah bin Zaid radhiyallahu 'anhu.

Until some time, the condition of this very simple mosque remained the same as when it was built by the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. When Abu Bakr radhiyallahu 'anhu became caliph, he radhiyallahu 'anhu did not do any renovations. When Umar radhiyallahu 'anhu became caliph, he radhiyallahu 'anhu changed his pillars made of palm trees to wood and protected the roof from the rain. Then Uthman radhiyallahu 'anhu, he radhiyallahu 'anhu made many changes. He radhiyallahu 'anhu built the wall with carved stones, and so did the pillars. While the roof was changed with a type of decorative wood. (HR. Bukhari, al-Fath(3/106 and 108, no. 446). Regarding what was done by 'Uthman bin 'Affan radhiyallahu 'anhu, then Ibnu Hajar said: "He radhiyallahu 'anhu beautified it without embellishing it.")

In the beginning, the Prophet's mosque did not have a pulpit as a place to preach. He, may God bless him and grant him peace, preached while leaning on a palm tree. About this date stick, there is an event that proves the truth of the prophethood of the Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him.

When Rasulullah sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam was made a pulpit and then he sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam moved his place in delivering the sermon, the palm tree that used to be used as a support for him sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam cried like a little child. Hearing the cry of this tree, the Prophet sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam returned to it and hugged it until it was silent. (See this story in Sahih Bukhari with a different pronunciation. al-Fath, 14/95, no. 3584, and 3585)

How beautiful is the explanation delivered by Hasan al-Bashri after bringing this narration. He, may God have mercy on him, said: "O Muslims, wood can groan because it misses the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, so aren't those who hope to meet the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, deserve to miss him?" (Al-Baihaqi in Dalaailun-Nubuwwah, 2/559)

Mosque Functions

The building of the mosque by the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam has a function as a means of worship. Also functioned to take care of all matters relating to the interests of the Muslims, such as:

Accommodating the poor and single Emigrants who have not been able to make their own place to live. They are known as ahlu shuffah . (Narrated by Bukhari, al-Fath, 3/102 based on the words of Anas radhiyallahu 'anhu)

Accommodating women who have just converted to Islam and have not found a place to live other than a mosque, such as al-Walidah as-Sauda` who builds small and small houses. (See the story, when he was accused of stealing by his people. Bukhari, al-Fath, 3/100, no. 439)

Become a learning center for Muslims about their religious problems.

Become a center for composing poems to defend da'wah and Rasulullah sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam. (Reported by Bukhari, al-Fath, 3/118, no. 453. See also Ibnu Hajar's statement, may Allah have mercy on him, in this chapter)

It became a place to hold prisoners of war, so that the Muslims could take lessons, and the prisoners could also take lessons when they saw the Muslims praying and listening to the Qur'an, as in the story of Tsumamah bin Utsal radhiyallahu 'anhu. (Narrated by Bukhari, al-Fath, 3/127, no. 461)

Became a treatment center for Muslims who were injured in war.

The place to receive the ambassadors sent to the Messenger of Allah, may God bless him and grant him peace. 

As a gathering place for Muslims and their commanders. In this case there are two benefits (lessons) that can be taken. 

Closer relations between the Muslims and the commanders.

Closer relations with fellow Muslims. 

Two benefits have been felt by many Muslims. Because they think that the mosque is only for prayer.

Law and Wisdom from the Story Above

The majority of jurisprudence scholars reasoned with the act of the Messenger of Allah, may God bless him and grant him peace, who bought land belonging to orphans through the intermediary of the person who took care of them, as proof of the invalidity of the contract of an underage child on the property he owns. To strengthen this argument, scholars also have other arguments from the Qur'an:

 

" And do not approach the property of an orphan, except in a more beneficial way, until he reaches adulthood." (QS. al-An'am/6: 152) (See also surat al-Isra'/17 verse 33)

While the hadith that shows that this contract took place directly between the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam and the child, then the meaning can be brought to the specificity of him sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam. He sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam bought this land from the child in his capacity as the leader of all Muslims, not as a person.

In the matter of contracts carried out by small children who have not reached puberty, the scholars have several opinions, including:

If the contract will only benefit him such as receiving a gift, then it is permissible.

If the contract will only bring danger, such as giving something, then it is not allowed.

The order of Rasulullah sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam to dig an old grave indicates that it is permissible to dig an old grave and build a mosque on it, if the land is clean.

Whereas land with graves can still be sold and is still the right of the owner and his heirs, if the land has not been waqfed.

Based on the actions of Rasulullah sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam who did not burden himself in building a mosque, and based on the words of Umar bin Khathtab radhiyallahu 'anhu, the scholars stated that the law of carving mosques and decorating them is makruh, some even think it is haram.