Uthman bin Affan

 

Uthman bin Affan

He was the third caliph who ruled from 644 (aged 69–70 years) to 656 (11–12 years). In addition, this one friend of the prophet has a very shy nature. Uthman bin Affan 574-656 / 12 Dzulhijjah 35 H; age 81–82 years) was a friend of the Prophet Muhammad who included the 3rd Khulafatu Rosyiddin. Uthman was a wealthy merchant but very generous. He was also instrumental in recording the Qur'an

Uthman bin Affan was a friend of the prophet and also the third caliph in Khulafaur Rashidin. he is known as a wealthy merchant and economist who is reliable but very generous. He gave a lot of economic assistance to Muslims at the beginning of the Islamic da'wah. He got the nickname Dzunnurain which means the one who has two lights. This nickname was obtained because Uthman had married the second and third daughters of the Prophet, namely Ruqayah and Umm Kaltsum.

Usman bin Affan was born in 574 AD from the Umayyad tribe. His mother's name is Arwa binti Kuriz bin Rabiah, she converted to Islam at the invitation of Abu Bakar and belongs to the group of As-Sabiqun Al-Awalun (the first group to convert to Islam). The Prophet himself described Uthman bin Affan as the most honest and humble person among Muslims. Narrated by Imam Muslim that Aisha asked the Messenger of Allah, 'Abu Bakr came in but you were normal and did not pay special attention, then Umar came in you were normal and did not pay special attention. But when Uthman came in you continued to sit and fix your clothes, why?' Rasulullah replied, "Am I not ashamed of the one whom only angels are ashamed of?"

At the time of Rasullullah's first call for migration to Abyssinia due to the increasing pressure of the Quraysh against Muslims, Uthman along with his wife and other Muslims fulfilled the call and migrated to Abyssinia until the pressure from the Quraish subsided. Shortly after staying in Makkah, Uthman followed Prophet Muhammad to migrate to Medina. At the event of Hudaibiyyah, Uthman was sent by the Messenger to meet Abu Sofyan in Makkah. Uthman was ordered by the Prophet to insist that the group from Medina would only worship in the Kaaba, then immediately return to Medina, not to fight the people of Mecca.

At the time of the Battle of Dzatirriqa and the Battle of Gathfan, where the Messenger of Allah led the war, Uthman was trusted to be the mayor of Medina. During the Battle of Tabuk, Uthman donated 950 camels and 70 horses, plus 1000 dirhams of personal donations for the battle of Tabuk, the value is equal to one third of the cost of the war. Uthman bin Affan also showed his generosity when he bought a spring named Rumah from a Ghifar tribe man for 35,000 dirhams. He donated the spring for the benefit of the general public. During the reign of Abu Bakr, Uthman also gave wheat transported by 1000 camels to help the poor who suffered in the dry season.

After the death of Umar bin Khattab as the second caliph, a deliberation was held to choose the next caliph. There were six proposed caliph candidates, namely Ali bin Abi Talib, Uthman bin Affan , Abdul Rahman bin 'Auf, Sa'ad bin Abi Waqas, Zubair bin Awwam and Talhah bin Ubaidillah. Then Abdul Rahman bin Auff, Sa'ad bin Abi Waqas, Zubair bin Awwam, and Talhah bin Ubaidillah withdrew until only Uthman and Ali were left behind. People's voices at that time tended to choose Uthman as the third caliph. So Uthman who was 70 years old was appointed as the third and oldest caliph, and the first to be chosen from several candidates. This incident occurred in the month of Muharram 24 H. Uthman became the caliph at a time when the Islamic government was really well established and structured.

he was the first caliph to expand the al-Haram mosque (Mecca) and the Prophet's mosque (Medina) because more and more Muslims were carrying out the fifth pillar of Islam (hajj). he sparked the idea of ​​a security police for his people; make a special building for the court and adjudicate cases that were previously carried out in the mosque; build agriculture, conquer Syria, North Africa, Persia, Khorasan, Palestine, Cyprus, Rhodes, and also form a strong navy. His greatest merit was when issuing a policy to collect the Al-Quran in one Mushaf.

During his tenure, Uthman replaced many regional governors who were unsuitable or incompetent and replaced them with more credible people. However, this angered many officials who were sent down so that they conspired to kill the caliph.

Death of Uthman Bin Affan

Caliph Uthman was then besieged by rebels for 40 days starting from the month of Ramadan until Dzulhijah. He was given 2 ulimatum by the rebels (Ghafiki and Sudan), namely resign or be killed. Although Uthman had the power to get rid of the rebels, he was principled not to spill the blood of Muslims. Uthman finally died as a martyr in the month of Dzulhijah 35 H when the rebels managed to enter his house and killed Uthman while reading the Qur'an. Just like what Rasulullah said about the death of Uthman who was martyred later, the incident of Uthman's murder began with the siege of Uthman's house by the rebels for 40 days. Uthman died on Friday 18 Dzulhijjah 35 H. He was buried in the Baqi grave in Medina.