Women clerics buried in history

 

Women clerics buried in history  

In history, since the beginning of the emergence of Islam, women have had influential figures and extraordinary scientific capacities. Sayyidah Khadijah, the wife of the Prophet Muhammad, was the first person to generally believe in the prophethood of the Prophet Muhammad. Apart from Siti Khadijah, the ummahatul mu'minin (mother of the believers) or the other wives of the Prophet are also no less classy in terms of science. Mother siti Aisyah, one of them. In the field of hadith (narration) he occupies a high position both in quality and quantity.

The question then is, how are the women after the friendship period? Are there women who are references in the field of Islam? This short article will try to explore a number of female figures in the field of Islamic science whose names are "hidden" by the historical domination of male scholars.

In the biographies of scholars, especially the biographies of hadith narrators, there are a number of female ulemas who have the capacity and credibility as hadith informants. Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani in his book entitled "Taqrib at-Tahdzib" mentions more than three hundred female hadith experts from the era of the companions, tabiin, and after that were scattered and scattered in canonical hadith books (bac: pole sittah). In his other works such as " ad-Dur al-Kaminah" , Ibn Hajar more specifically discusses female scholars in the 8th century H. Both hadith experts and other Islamic scholars.

One of the female figures of hadith experts (muhadditsat) in the 4th century Hijriyah was Fatima bint Abdirrahman bin Abi Salih al-Harani (312 H). He studied hadith from his father and other hadith scholars. He also wrote and narrated hadiths (to explore further, read more in Khatib al-Baghdadi, Dates of Baghdad, vol 14, p. 441)

In the next century (5 H), there were famous female hadith scholars such as Aisyah bint Hasan bin Ibrahim (W. 446 H). In the 6th century H appeared a female muhaddis named Umm Habibah Dhawnah bint Abdul Aziz bin Musa (W.506 H).

In addition to the female scholars of hadith experts mentioned above. There are a number of women scholars of fiqh. Sheikh Abdul Qadir Abdul Wafa al-Qurashi (W. 796-775 H) in his book entitled, "al-Jawahir al-Mudhiyyah fi Tarajum al-Hanafiyyah" (a biographical book of Hanafi scholars), tells the biography of a woman who is a jurist (as well as mufti) full name is Fatima bint Muhammad bin Ahmad as-Samarqandi. She is the wife of Sheikh Alauddin al-Kasani, a prominent Hanafi scholar and author of the book Bada'i as-Shana'i' (the book of fiqh references in the Hanafi school).

Fatimah studied fiqh directly from her father, Sheikh Muhammad bin Ahmad as-Samarqandi. It is said that before he married, a number of fatwas (in the Hanafi school), were decided and issued from his house with "signatures" from his father and Fatima. After she married, in addition to the signature on her and her father's behalf, there was also the signature of her husband, who is also a jurist expert. Sometimes in the fatwa his opinion contradicts the opinion of his husband. Even her husband often annulled his own fatwa and then took his wife's ijtihad.

The female figures who became scholars in the field of Islamic sciences above are some examples of female scholars with qualified scientific capacities. Some are in the field of hadith until they become narrators, some are scholars of jurisprudence as well as fatwa experts (mufti).

However, it is rare—not to say not at all—to find specific explanations about women ulama in the books we read. Even in the network of sanad found in Islamic boarding schools, there are very few female ulemas as short as my experience. What do you think?