Zaid bin Haritsah and Stories with the Prophet

 

Zaid bin Haritsah and Stories with the Prophet

Abu Usamah or better known as Zaid bin Haritsah bin Syarahil (Abu Ishaq reads it as Shurahbil) is a very special friend. So noble was he, that even some Sharia laws came down regarding his story. History has revealed that the only companion whose name was immortalized by Allah SWT in the Qur'an (al-Ahzab verse 37) was Zaid bin Haritsah.
Similarly, he was also the only companion whom the Prophet SAW had adopted as an adopted son (mutabanna) so he was known as Zaid bin Muhammad. This is more or less the explanation explained by Imam Ibnu Atsir in his Usd al-Ghabah .
In addition, a very dilemmatic story also happened to Zaid when the fate of his marriage with Zainab bint Jahsy, a distinguished woman of Quraish descent from the As'ad tribe, ended in divorce. Zainab was finally married by the Prophet SAW.
Of course we ask, why this could happen. Why did the Prophet have to marry the ex-wife of his adopted son? The answer is certainly not as simple as we imagine. One thing is certain, he was ordered directly from Allah SWT. And all of that to eliminate the tradition of the Arabs and Jews at that time which forbade a father to marry the ex-wife of his adopted son.
The scenario was deliberately designed by Allah SWT in order to avoid people's suspicions of a prophet after the prophet Muhammad SAW, because usually the son of a prophet / apostle will inherit his father's prophethood. In addition, naming someone who is not a biological parent has the potential to damage a person's lineage system, disrupting inheritance and marriage determination.
Childhood of Zaid bin Haritsah
Zaid bin Haritsah comes from the Bani Mu'in tribe, his mother's name is Su'da bint Tsa'labah. No definite information has been found about the year of his birth, but Zaid died in the 8th year of the Hijri when he was a commander in the battle of Mut'ah. During the Jahiliyyah period, Zaid's mother made a visit to her son's tribal village, the village of Bani Mu'in. But suddenly a group of horsemen from Bani al-Qin bin Jusr attacked the village and seized and captured everything valuable from the village, including Zaid bin Haritsah who was eventually made a slave. Zaid was taken to the Ukazh market and sold for 400 dirhams to Hakim bin Hizam bin Khuwailid, for his aunt Siti Khadijah bin Khuwailid.
When Siti Khadijah married the Prophet Muhammad (at that time Muhammad was not yet an apostle), Zaid was given to the Prophet as a gift. After hanging out for a while, their relationship became very close and they loved each other, even though Zaid was still a slave at that time.
Over time the news was heard by Zaid's father, who also happened to be looking for his son. After meeting and expressing what he wanted to the Prophet, finally he could not say anything but gave the full decision to Zaid, namely between choosing to stay with the apostle or return to his parents' house. But Zaid decided to stay with the Prophet and since then the Prophet proclaimed Zaid as his adopted son with the name Zaid bin Muhammad.
Important Phases Regarding Zaid
Zaid's status as Muhammad's "parents" only lasted a few years, because after that Allah forbade the practice of adopting children in this way in Surah al-Ahzab verses 5 and 37, and stated emphatically that the Prophet Muhammad was not the father of Muslim men. anywhere in Surah al-Ahzab verse 40.
As evidence of the end of the father-son relationship between the Prophet and Zaid at that time was the halal of Zaid's ex-wife named Zainab binti Jahsy to be married by the Prophet Muhammad SAW in the 5th year of the Hijri which was previously forbidden in the Arab tradition of Jahiliyyah.
Zaid Bin Harithsah in the Book of Hadith
The hadith scholars agree that Zaid bin Haritsah is a just friend. Ibnu Hajar mentions it in Tahdzib al- Tahdzib with Shahabiyyun Jalilun masyhurun ​​(famous noble companion). He narrated several hadith directly from the Prophet Muhammad SAW and among the companions who narrated hadith from him were Usamah bin Zaid (Zaid's own son), Bara' bin A'dzib, Jublah bin Haritsah (his brother), Abdullah bin Abbas and his son Ali bin Abdullah bin Abbas, Hudzail bin Shurahbil, and Abu al-A'liyyah al-Rayyaahi.
There are many hadiths of Zaid bin Haritsah in the book of Sunan Nasa'i and Ibnu Majah. That's a glimpse of Zaid's story that the writer took from several sources, hoping to emulate his struggle and greatness.