Hasan Mustapa, Mystical Dangding 'Haji Mahiwal'

 

Hasan Mustapa, Mystical Dangding 'Haji Mahiwal'

Notes about the Pasundan cleric, places Haji Hasan Mustapa as an important reference. Although he is often referred to as a 'mahiwal', or controversial pilgrimage, the literary works he raises have fascinated many researchers.

Hasan Mustapa was born on June 3, 1825, in Cikajang, Garut, West Java. In his childhood, he had performed the pilgrimage, with his father Mas Sastramanggala. At the age of 9 years, Hasan Mustapa visited Mecca-Medina for the pilgrimage, visiting the tomb of the Prophet.

His love for science made Hasan Mustapa feel at home in the Islamic boarding school. He traveled to several pesantren, in Tatar Sunda, Java and Madura. Then, Hasan returned to the Holy land to study with several sheikhs, about 8 years and completed the religious sciences, until he taught. In Mecca, he studied with Shaykh Nawawi al-Bantani, Shaykh Mustafa al-Afifi, Shaykh Abdullah al-Zawawi, Hasballah, and Shaykh Bakr as-Satha.

Hasan came home when there was a dispute between the scholars in Garut, he came to solve problems and confusion. RH Muhammad Musa, summoned Hasan Mustapa to return to Garut so that the divisions among the ulama could be resolved. Furthermore, Hasan taught at the Great Mosque of Garut for about seven years.

Hasan Mustapa is a close friend of the orientalist Snouck Hurgronje, whom he met while studying in Saudi Arabia. On the recommendation of Snouck, Hasan was recruited by the Dutch East Indies Government to become the Hoofd Penghoeloe (head of the penghulu) Aceh. Hasan then received an assignment as Hoofd Penghoeloe in Bandung, until his retirement from his position in the 1910s.

As a scholar, Hasan is known for his breadth of knowledge and views on disputes related to Islamic law. He is also famous as a writer, who writes dangding . In Pasundan literature, danding or daunitan is a type of classical poetry as patterned and melodic writing. The term dangding, is used from a melodic sounding pronunciation. This literary work, also called poetic chant.

According to Hawe Setiawan's notes, dangding can be included in the ' metrical verse ' category . This form of poetry, has standard rules by limiting each line. Dangding arrays, arranged with a ' metrical grid ' . Hawe reveals how capturing the deepest essence of Haji Hasan Mustapa's dangding is not an easy matter.

“Based on the Sundanese literary tradition, Haji Hasan Mustapa seems to have breathed a new kind of spirit into traditional poetry tools. Dangding which is usually used to accommodate stories or descriptions of a case, as we often get in wawacan, is made into a form of poetic tray that accommodates the experience, appreciation and understanding of HHM in relation to Islamic mysticism," wrote Hawe Setiawan, in his essay Dangding Mistis Haji Hasan Mustapa. (Kalam 28/2016).

Hasan Mustapa wrote more than 10,000 dangding stanzas, which are of high literary quality and are appreciated by several literary scholars. These works often discuss the dimensions of Sufism, Suluk, especially examining the relationship between the Servant (kaula) and God (Gusti).

Dangding by Hasan Mustapa, including: Dumuk Suluk Tilas Tepus, Sinom Pamak Nonoman, Amis Tiis Pentil Majapait, Kinanti Kulu-Kulu, Sinom Barangtaning Rasa, Puyuh Ngungkung Dina Kurung, Hariring nu Hudang Gering, Sinom Wawarian, Asmarandana nu Kami, Dandanggula Sirna Taste . Hasan Mustapa also wrote several works, namely: The Chapter of the Sundanese Urang Tradition of Jeung Priangan Liana ti Eta (1913), Leutik Becomes the Patelan Adat Jalma-Jalma in Pasundan (1916), Pakumpulan or Susuratanana Between Juragan Haji Hasan Mustafa Sareng Kyai Kurdi (1925). ), and several other works.

In West Java, Haji Hasan Mustapa is known as 'Bagawan Sirna di Rasa'. Hasan Mustapa died on January 13, 1930. His literary legacy is in the form of dangding, which has become a reference for reviewers of Pasundan manuscripts, and the spiritual insights conveyed by this controversial cleric. In 1977, Hasan Mustapa received an Art Award from the President of the Republic of Indonesia as a Sundanese Regional Writer