Ibn Ajibah; Writer of Syarah Jurumiyyah Sufistic

 

Ibn Ajibah; Writer of Syarah Jurumiyyah Sufistic

Ibnu Ajibah's full name is Abu al-Abbas bin Muhammad bin al-Mahdi bin al-Husain bin Muhammad bin Ajibah al-Idrisi al-Hasani. Born in the village of A'jabisy Tetouan Morocco in the year 1161 H/1758 AD. He was one of the scholars who was forged by his family to study since childhood. At the age of seventeen, he began his intellectual journey by talking to a number of famous scholars.

The works of Ibnu Ajibah are said to reach more than forty works, among which are: ib'adul ghumam 'an iyqaz al-himam fi syarh al-Hikam (an elaboration on the work of al-Hikam Ibnu Athaillah), al-Bahru al-Madid fi Tafsir al-Quran al-Majid (about the interpretation of the Qur'an), al-Futuhat al-Qudusiyyah fi Syarh al-Muqaddimah al-Ajurumiyyah (a work of commentary or explanation on the book of Jurumiyyah's Muqaddimah). The last-mentioned work, although the original book ( matan) was in the form of a nahwu book but in the hands of Ibnu Ajibah it turned into a Sufism book. Ibnu Ajibah elaborated one of the most famous and legendary nahwu books written by Sheikh Abdullah Muhammad bin Dawud As-Shonhaji with a Sufistic approach. Something that is very rare - not to say not at all - found in other lectures.

Kalam Sufism Perspective

For students or people who have studied Arabic grammar (grammatical), of course they will be familiar with the term kalam (sentence). Almost all nahwu books from the most basic to the most difficult books, the discussion about kalam is explained at the very beginning. With a number of differences in the use of diction, the definition of kalam is not far from what is written by the book al-Jurumiyyah with the editor: al-Kalamu huwa al-Lafdzu al-Murakkabu al-Mufidu bil Wadh'i (kalam is a pronunciation that is composed and can be understood by listener)

As slightly mentioned above, that Ibn Ajibah's comment or explanation in this syarah Jurumiyyah is not like other books, he actually reviews it with a Sufism approach as will be described a little below:

Kalam (sentence in Arabic grammar) according to Sufi scholars is a sentence composed ( al-murakkab ) of speech and action, where the person who utters ( al-mutakallim ) a sentence should be the person whose speech and behavior arouse and guide the listener towards Allah SWT. This is as stated by Ibn Athaillah As-Sakandari:

“Do not accompany someone whose condition does not cheer you up, and whose speech does not guide you to God.”

(Do not be friends with people whose behavior and speech do not raise and show you to God)

While al-mufidu (giving faidah or in the sense of nahwu science can understand the listener) means giving faidah in the hearts of the listeners, both in the form of knowledge, lights, the secrets of science for the listeners. These lights are emitted to the listeners then there is a process of enlightenment.

In conclusion, when a pen comes out of the deepest heart, it will enter the heart of the listener. It will provide benefits and benefits for them. On the other hand, when a pen comes out of the mouth, it will only be received by both ears of the listener (enters through the right ear and leaves through the left ear).

In short, kalam according to the sages is a word composed of words and actions. If a speech is not appropriate or not accompanied by actions, then the pen is not useful (mufid) in the hearts of the listeners. Because, the behavior of the person saying the sentence belies his speech. Therefore, a good (religious) advisor is that he practices the advice he gives first, and then gives advice to others.

So, according to the Sufis, kalam is a sentence whose usefulness returns to the speaker. A pronunciation composed of the heart and the tongue which is useful as an enlightener for the hearts of the listeners.

Wallahu A'lam